Contents
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The Salvadoran Case The Salvadoran Case
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History of Militarism in El Salvador History of Militarism in El Salvador
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Armed Conflict Armed Conflict
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Peace Accords Peace Accords
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Shortcomings of the 1992 Peace Accords Shortcomings of the 1992 Peace Accords
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Progress Beyond the Peace Accords Progress Beyond the Peace Accords
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Problem Areas Problem Areas
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The Fmln’s Electoral Victory The Fmln’s Electoral Victory
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The Guatemalan Case The Guatemalan Case
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History of Militarism in Guatemala History of Militarism in Guatemala
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Armed Conflict Armed Conflict
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Democratic Transition Democratic Transition
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Peace Accord Peace Accord
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Implementation of the Peace Accord: Achievements and Shortcomings Implementation of the Peace Accord: Achievements and Shortcomings
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Progress Beyond the Peace Accord Progress Beyond the Peace Accord
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A Step Backward A Step Backward
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Problem Areas Problem Areas
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Notes Notes
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9 Demilitarization after Central American Civil Wars
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Published:November 2013
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Abstract
This chapter considers how the armed forces declined in power throughout Latin America in the early 1990s, but the processes of demilitarization in El Salvador and Guatemala were unique. While demilitarization followed civil wars in El Salvador and Guatemala, these are the only two cases in Latin America in which the United Nations played a major role in brokering negotiated settlements to end the armed conflicts and in monitoring peace agreements that set in motion processes of demilitarization. In both countries political opposition to continued military domination, including armed insurgencies, was a constant feature from the 1960s onward. Moreover, economic elites who traditionally looked to the military to protect their business interests increasingly expressed concern about the liability of supporting a large, well-equipped military without a mission.
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