This chapter provides a short history of anarchism and the ideas of Mikhail Bakunin, giving an overview of the origins and ideas of anarchism and its impact on Spain. It discusses the turbulent late nineteenth century in Spain, the growth of the Spanish Regional Federation, and the beginnings of immigration to Argentina, demonstrating the movement of people between these two countries. By 1890, Spain's anarchist movement had become fractured and weak. By the end of the decade, the federation officially dissolved. But while the movement ebbed in Spain, it began to achieve importance in Argentina, in part as a consequence of the immigration of Spanish anarchist militants.