Latina/o Immigration before 1965
Latina/o Immigration before 1965
Mexicans and Puerto Ricans in Postwar Chicago
This essay examines the migration of Mexican immigrants, Mexican Americans, and Puerto Ricans to Chicago in the 1940s and 1950s, long before the more widely recognized post-1965 immigration to the U.S. from Latin America. It argues that this pre-1965 migration to the Midwest was significant and played a critical role in establishing communities that would receive later migrants. In fact, by 1970, the city of Chicago officially counted nearly a quarter of a million Hispanics or Latinos in that year’s census. The essay examines how these populations became racialized as “non-white” in employment, housing, and the local enforcement and perceptions surrounding immigration policy.
Keywords: Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Mexican immigrants, Racialization, Employment Discrimination, Housing Discrimination, Immigration Enforcement, Operation Wetback, Chicago, Latino communities
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