The Missouri Ozarks and Beyond, 1894–1930
The Missouri Ozarks and Beyond, 1894–1930
“Whence all negroes have been driven forth”
This chapter addresses the use of racist violence by whites in the Missouri Ozarks between 1894 and 1930 to control and expel blacks, to establish and maintain sundown towns, and to satisfy and regulate the need for cheap black labor in the larger cities. Building on an extensive secondary literature, it expands this story in three ways. First, it addresses the often studied most violent years from 1894 to 1906 and the years of consolidation over the next quarter century. Second, the chapter places this story into a larger geographical context by addressing the impact of this violence in the border areas of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. Finally, it considers the implications of its findings for the historiography of racist violence and border studies.
Keywords: racist violence, Missouri Ozarks, sundown towns, black labor, historiography, border studies
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