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(p.237) Index
(p.237) Index
Abbott, Robert, 128
Afro-American Improvement Company, 78
Alabama, 20
America, Richard, 112
Ashland, KY, 73
Baker, Andrew, 79
Banks, John Henry, 65
Barboursville, WV, 2, 73, 75;
during Civil War, 17;
Negro schools in, 100;
Underground Railroad and, 10
Barnes, U. L. Sr., 65
Barnett, Callie, 123
Barnett, Catherine A. “Kate,” 200n101
Barnett, Clara Matthews, 136
Belleview Park, 108
Berea College, 104
Berkley, Ida, 167n59
Berlin, Ira, 4
Bickley, Ancella, 110
black coaches, 125–126
black laborers, 68–69, 81, 149–156;
children as, 133;
enslaved (see slavery);
labor activism of, 60–64;
occupational statistics, 149–156;
recruitment of, 205n14;
black migration, 78, 92, 118, 174nn46–47, 175nn50–52, 206n22;
black enfranchisement and, 74;
juvenile crime and, 133;
migrants’ skills, 83–84;
origins of migrants, 75;
social cohesion and, 74;
White Sulphur Springs Resort and, 37;
Woodson family, 79–80
black owned bars, 88–91
black professional workers, 105, 114, 116, 134–135, 140, 194n47;
coaches, 125–126;
doctors and nurses, 135–137;
professional women, 123–124;
Blacks, William, 77
black schools, 99–106, 125–126, 174n37, 193n45, 198n82;
role of ex-slaves in founding, 198n82;
teachers at, 101, 102–103, 125, 194n55, 195nn61–62, 196nn63–65, 198n82. See also Douglass High School
black women workers, 56–57, 67–68, 123–124, 150–151, 153, 155, 180n73;
as nurses, 136–137;
school and, 197n68
Blake, S. F., 90
Blow, Reason and Daniel, 34
Bowlin, James B., 20
The Breeze (newspaper), 203n137
Brier, Stephen, 63
Broadnax, Frank, 206n24
Bromley, Emma, 123
Brooks, Lewis, 159n8
Brown, Dorsey, 90
Brown, John P., 85
Brown, Theodore “Doug,” 131
Brown, William Wells, 162n36
Brown v. the Board of Education (1954), 157n1
Buchanan v. Warley (1917), 142
Buckingham County, 39
Butler, Daniel, 87
Byrd, William, 67
Cabell, William, 1
cakewalks, 106
Caldwell, Shep, 206n24
Camden Interstate Railway, 107
Cammack, J. H., 131
Carter, Henry, 87
Carter, Martha, 87
Carter, Mary, 67
Ceramic Subdivision, 129–130
Chappell, Louis, 49
Chavis, William, 10
Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) Railroad, 23–24, 39, 44, 145, 171n5, 178n22, 182n103;
black migration and, 81;
commuter trains and, 66;
economic impact of, 52;
segregated facilities, 187n43;
Chicago Defender, 128
Clark-Lewis, Elizabeth, 115–116
Clifford, John R., 194n47
Clinton, Constantine, 105
Clyburn, Charley, 121
coal mining, 51–52;
labor unions and, 182n95;
mining towns, 200n91;
railroads and, 55;
Socialist Party and, 138
Coger, Sydney, 130
Coleman, Amanda Miller, 123
Coleman, James D., 130
Colley, Mathew, 103
Colored Independent Republican Ticket, 113
Colored Masonry, 62
Colored National Labor Union, 61
Colored Orphans’ Home and Industrial School, 108–109
Colored Waiters Alliance, 62
Connally, Beatrice Vinson, 66
Cook, Rufus, 71
Cradic, William P., 94
Crafton, Anderson, 95
The Crisis (magazine), 128
Davis, Zelma, 125–126
Davis-DeEulis, Marilyn, 4
Delaney, David, 141–142
Dicher, James, 10
D’lea (enslaved person), 3
Douglass High School, xii, 67, 87, 103–104, 106, 129, 157n1, 198n82;
black coaches at, 125–126;
black teachers at, 125;
founding of, 103;
music program of, 208n34;
school desegregation and, 157n1
Douglass-Huntington High School Black Alumni Reunion, x
Dunbar Sisters Literacy Society, 123
Dusche, Carmella, 123
Duvall, C. H., 198n82
election of 1860, 169n82
Eller, Ronald, 47
Emancipation Day celebrations, 107–108
Engle, Stephen D., 41
Eubanks, Samuel, 101
Evansville, IL, 77
Farr, John, 90
Ferguson, James H., 163n37
Foes, Lewis, 95
Ford, Charles, 111
free blacks, 5, 15–16, 35, 160n22, 169nn78–80;
citizenship of, 18;
at White Sulphur Springs resort, 34–35
Fry, Joshua, 159n18
Fry, Walker, 6
Fugitive Slave Act, 165n52
Fuller, J. M., 130
Fullerton, Lewis, 16
Garrett, Billy “Doc,” ix
Garrison, Memphis T., 51
Genovese, Eugene D., 33
Georgia, 20
Gillard, Jenkins, 112
Golden Rule Association, 205n19
Gordon, W. H., 105
Grand United Order of Odd Fellows, 109
“Great Flood of 1884,” 78
Great Kanawah valley, 26
Great Railroad Strike of 1877, 60
Griffith, John Lewis, 79
Gutman, Herbert, 60
Guyandotte, 2, 13, 24, 42–43, 73, 75;
C&O railroad and, 172n6;
effect of emancipation on, 38;
Methodist Church in, 163n37;
Negro schools in, 100;
Underground Railroad and, 10
Guyan Valley Division rail line, 107
Haley, Mary, 16
Hamilton, A. W. (Alex), 46
Hannah, John, 4
Hartshorn Memorial College, 124
Hatchett, J. B., 126
Haymarket Riot, 60
Hazelwood, H. D., 145
Hill, Cecil, 64
Hill, James L., 109
Hine, Darlene Clark, 135–136
Holderby, Susan, 13
Holderby Addition, 129–130
Holley, Robert, 103
Honky Tonk Saloon, 88–91
Hopkins, Millie, 56
Housel, Jacqueline A, 129–130
Howard, “Uncle Dan,” 119
Hughes, George, 112
Huntington, Collis P., 24, 44, 46, 49, 171n5;
depression of 1873 and, 52–54;
influence of, 82;
loss of C&O Railroad, 54
Huntington, WV, xi-xii, 84, 106, 118, 145–146;
author’s experience of, x;
black hospitals in, 135–137;
black owned bars in, 88–91;
black-owned newspapers in, 113–114;
city parks in, 107–108;
depression of 1873 and, 52–53;
discrimination against black residents, 91;
labor activism in, 60–62;
labor unions in, 63–64;
layout and construction of, 71–73;
legal challenges to segregation in, 144–145;
recreational spaces in, 106–107;
Socialist Party in, 137–139;
as steamboat port, 172n8;
Huntington Knights of Pythias Hall, 110
Hyder, Jennie, 190n14
Illinois, 5
Jackson, Gerald, 63
Jackson, Pat, 65
James, Frank, 196n62
James, Mrs. William O., 67–68
Jasper, “Grandpa” Jackson, 57
Jasper, James Murray, 57
Jenkins, Henry, 206n24
Jenkins, Janetta, 12
Jenkins, Thomas Jefferson, 20
Jenkins, Trent R., 103–104
Johnson, Charles S., 120
Johnson, Guy, 51
Johnson, John, 47
Johnson, Lula, 123
Johnson, Maude, 196n62
Johnson, Walter, 14–15
Jones, Anna E., 144
Jones, Chink, 196n62
Jones, J. McHenry, 161n33
Jones, Julia, 196n62
Jones, Oliver, 79
juvenile crime, 132–133
Kanawah and New River coalfield, 55
Kelley, Jane, 56
Kirby, Jack Temple, 82–83
Ku Klux Klan, 214n129
Laing, James T., 81
Lawrence County, OH, 73–74
Layne, Emma Anderson “Auntie Em,” 13
Lees, Thomas L., 162n37
Lewis, Charlene M. Boyers, 33
Lewis, Charles Cameron, 14
Lewis, Earl, 62
Loewen, James, 93
Logan, Rayford, 93
Louis, Joe, 178n36
Mangrum, J. A., 77
Manson, Si, 77
Marrie, Nannie V., 108
Martin, William, 206n24
Maryland, 20
Matheus, John William, 25
Matthews, Edith E. Perkins, 28
McClain, C. S. and Mary E., 134
McClain, “Diamond Teeth Mary,” 209n58
McDaniels, Ed, 88–92
McGhee, Charles E., 108–109
McGhee, Lucy, 123
McQueen, Lottie, 132
Meadows, A. D., 145
Medison, Dave, 145
Merchant, W. T., 87
Miller, Ike, 112
Miller, Isaac, 113
Mitchell, Mattie, 67
Mitchell, Mrs. Walter, 167n65
Moore, Lewis B., 127
Moore, Martin, 13
Morgan, William, 95
Morris, Benjamin and Mandalay, 41–42
Morris, George and Nancy, 43
Morris, Samuel, 41
Morton, Jeremiah, 35
Moss, Joseph W., 106
Mt. Olivet Baptist Association, 97
Myers, Walter Sr., 140
National Association of the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), xii;
White v. White (1929) and, 144–145
Negro schools, 43
Nicholas, Wilson Cary, 159n18
nitroglycerin, 48–49
Nordhoff, Charles, 47
North Carolina, 20
occupational mobility, 66–67
occupational statistics, 149–156
Ohio Valley Trades and Labor Assembly, 63
Overstreet, Lee, 89
Parker, John P., 165n52
Perkins, Belle, 56
Peters, W. S., 101
Phipps, George, 67
Pioneer Press, 194n47
Pittsburgh, PA, 77
Pittsburgh Courier, 128
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), 83
Pocahontas coalfield, 55
political agitation, 40–41, 93, 126;
Convention of 1872 and, 110–111;
in Louisville, 142;
Socialist Party and, 138–139
poll taxes, 160n22
Portsmouth, OH, 73
Potts. J. H., 131
Prillerman, Byrd, 198n82
property ownership. See black property ownership
Providence Regular Missionary Baptist Association, 93–94
Radford, James, 66
Ragland, Henry Clay, 119
Rau, Kate, 144
Reconstruction era, 70
Reed, Temperance, 10
regional development, phases of, 157n1
representation, freehold vs. manhood, 162n37
residential segregation, 213n125;
benefits of, 211n87;
self-segregation, 140;
subdivisions and, 213n124
Reynolds, Isaac, 82
Richardson, Lewis, 50
Riddle, Robert, 22
Riddle, Robert D., 36
Ritter Park, 108
Rose, Mary Charlott Perkins, 28
Routh, Matilda Jane, 33
Rowe, Jim, 11
Rucker, Edgar Pl, 120
Saudindge, W. H., 95
Schuyler, George S., 144
Scott, Boston, 103
Scott, D. B., 15
Scott, J. W., 61, 65–66, 70, 77, 101, 105, 127–128;
political activity of, 126;
self-help philosophy of, 141
Shaw, Stephanie, 123
Shelby, Almedia Duckworth, 67–68
Shelton, James, 164n44
Simmons, Conwelzie, 11
skilled black workers, 67
slavery, 147;
capitalism and, 159n15;
“chattel principle” of, 14–15;
during Civil War, 17;
discrimination faced by former slaves, 170n85;
emancipation of slaves, 17–20;
enslaved persons’ resistance to, 9–11;
Fugitive Slave Act, 165n52;
in Greenbriar County, 173n22;
Methodist Church and, 163n37;
political representation and, 162n37;
selling of slaves’ families, 13–15;
subcultures of resistance and, 32–33;
transportation systems and, 26;
trickster figure, 173n25;
Smith, Lloyd G., 125
Smith, Robert S. B., 95
Smith, Walter A., 125
Smith, W. T., 101
Socialist and Labor Star, 138
South Carolina, 20
Stanford, Leland, 24
Starks, Samuel W., 110
Stealey, John E., 8
Stephens, John, 87
Stewart, Mina E., 126
Strauder v. West Virginia, 91
subcultures of resistance, 32–33
Sullivan, Charles Kenneth, 45
Swallow, Hiram H., 8
Swann-Wright, Dianne, 39
Talbott, Forrest, 17
Tarr, Edward, 25
teaching certification, 195n62
Tennessee, 20
Thirteenth Amendment, 18
Thomas, William, 67
Thompson, John J., 74
Thompson, Maggie A. W., 108
Thurston, S. A., 126
Tillman, Ben “Pitchfork,” 126
tobacco production, 39
trickster figure, 173n25
Trotter, Joe W., 59
Tucker, Elijah and Virginia, 44
Tucker, Jenny, 94
Turner, Belle, 103
Turner, Marcellus, 65
Twyman, James “Pap,” 6
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 54
Vinson, Frank, 66
Virginia:
lynchings in, 189n80;
Virginia Central Railroad Company, 46
Virginia Constitutional Convention, 162n37
Wade, Howard D., 38
Walcott, Byron A., 108
Walker, W. P., 98
Watson, Maggie, 56
Wayne County, 58
West Virginia:
absence of Jim Crow laws in, 82–83;
demographics of, 118–119;
depression of 1873 and, 53–54;
fraternal orders in, 110;
labor strife in, 60;
legal challenges to segregation in, 144–145;
political representation and, 162n37;
race relations in, 120–121;
railroad construction in, 45–51;
secession from Virginia, 23;
urban growth in, 204n7;
West Virginia Collegiate Institute, 198n82
West Virginia Spokesman, 113–114
West Virginia Teachers’ Association, 198n82
Wheelersburg, OH, 121
White, H. B., 144
White, Lewis and Cora, 144
White, William R., 99
White Sulphur Springs resort, 26–37, 172n18;
black migration and, 37;
during Civil War, 36–37;
free blacks at, 34–35
white supremacy, 119
Wickham, W. C., 53
Wilberforce University, 174n37
Wiley, Waitman T., 18
Wilkins, Tom, 57
Williams, Eph, 135
Williams, William, 13
Williamson-Logan coalfield, 55
Wilson, Charles A., 112
Wilson, Charles R., 62
Wilson, Theodore, 101
Wilson, Thomas, 103
Winding Gulf coalfield, 55
Witcher, Stephen, 16
Withrow, Harry, 121
Woods, Hugh O., 120
work camps, 47
Wright, George C., 119–120
Yancey, James Henry, 49