Kembali: To Return or Change
Kembali: To Return or Change
The chapter examines the ways in which three generations of Balinese and Balinese American musicians have negotiated personal and professional lives that have spanned two continents, two systems of institutionalized higher education, and a gamelan world increasingly shaped by transnational exchange. The oldest generation (born from the 1940s to the 1960s) helped invent the culture bearer/teacher model and establish the institutional architecture that exists today, where most Balinese artists reside long-term in North America during the academic year and return to Indonesia in the summer. In contrast, the middle generation (born in the 1970s and 1980s) and the youngest generation (starting in the late 1980s) of Balinese and Balinese American teachers have worked to redefine these models in ways that offer higher levels of artistic exchange and economic equity, even as all three generations continue to face ethnic discrimination.
Keywords: Bali, culture bearer, gamelan, higher education, transnational exchange
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